English
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 Ethereum is a smart contract platform proposed by Vitalik Buterin in 2013. The core development process is as follows: 1. Conception and Birth (2013-2015) - End of 2013: Vitalik Buterin released a white paper proposing smart contracts and the vision of a "world computer". - July-September 2014: The Ethereum Foundation’s ICO raised approximately 31,000 Bitcoins to fund development. - July 30, 2015: The main network "Frontier" was launched, PoW consensus, block reward 5 ETH, for developers. 2. Early Growth and Crisis (2016-2019) - March 2016: "Homestead" hard fork, the network stabilizes, and a difficulty bomb is introduced, paving the way for the switch to PoS. - June 2016: The DAO was hacked and lost approximately US$50 million, triggering a split in the community. In July, it hard forked into Ethereum (ETH) and Ethereum Classic (ETC). - 2017-2019: "Metropolis" was promoted in two phases. Byzantium (2017.10) and Constantinople (2019.2) were upgraded to optimize efficiency and reduce block rewards to 3 ETH to prepare for the PoS transition. - 2017: ERC-20 broke out, ICO craze, and CryptoKitties caused network congestion, highlighting the need for expansion. 3. Ecological explosion and consensus transformation (2020-2022) - 2020: DeFi Summer breaks out, and protocols such as Compound detonate the decentralized financial ecosystem. - December 1, 2020: The beacon chain was launched, PoS was launched, and the foundation for the “merger” was laid. - 2021: London upgrades and introduces EIP-1559, the transaction fee destruction mechanism, and ETH starts a deflation cycle. - September 15, 2022: The Merge is completed. The main network and the beacon chain are integrated, fully shifting to PoS, and energy consumption is reduced by 99.95%, paving the way for sharding and Layer 2 expansion. 4. Maturity and mainstreaming (2023-present) - April 2023: "Shanghai/Shapera" will be upgraded to open ETH staking withdrawals and improve staking liquidity. - May 2024: The "Cancun" upgrade introduces Blob transactions through EIP-4844, reducing Layer 2 costs and accelerating capacity expansion. - May 2024: The U.S. SEC approves the Ethereum spot ETF, taking a step closer to compliance and institutional adoption. - 2025: "Petra" will be upgraded to improve the general account contract function and optimize capital efficiency and throughput.  Core context shorthand - 2013: White paper sets direction； 2015: Mainnet online ； 2016: The DAO fork ； 2020: DeFi and Beacon Chain ； 2022: Merge to PoS ； 2023-2025: Staking is open, Layer 2 is expanded, ETF is approved, and the ecosystem moves towards the mainstream.  |
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