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Disclaimer: The content of this evaluation is for reference only. Any investment behavior based on the content of this evaluation has nothing to do with the content of this evaluation. Projects are risky and investments must be made with caution. Statement: the contents of this assessment are for reference only. Any investment behavior made according to the contents of this assessment is not related to the contents of this assessment. The project is risky and the investment must be prudent. Solana built a new blockchain protocol that encodes time as data called Proof of History (PoH). The project is creating a trustless, distributed cryptographic protocol to create reliable ordering of events, thereby solving the scalability issues faced by many other blockchain protocols. The scheme aims to make transaction processing independent of consensus. Additionally, this is a high-throughput blockchain that does not rely on sharding, partitioning, sidechains, multi-chains, etc. Thanks to this new system architecture, Solana’s new PoH blockchain will support up to 710,000 transactions per second. In terms of improving the scalability of blockchain, many blockchain projects have made their own attempts. The first is sharding technology. Sharding technology is what the Ethereum and Polkadot development teams are currently preparing to do. Sharding is considered the most technically challenging solution that can improve the scalability of the blockchain. Even if sharding is successfully implemented, it's unclear whether it will have the performance that most people hope for. The biggest problem with sharding is the delay in cross-shard communication. This delay may be as long as several minutes, which will seriously limit the application of sharding technology in actual environments. In addition, sharding can cause various problems downstream. For example, the client may not know which shard to read data from in response to user query operations. Followed by side chains, payment and state channel networks, and ILP, they also face the same problem. As sidechains proliferate, things can get increasingly confusing when users forget which chain their assets are on. Payment and state channel networks have significant latency and can create a variety of new issues related to liquidity routing, currency transfer, and privacy. ILP will face real latency challenges because the storage of the value chain - Bitcoin's block time is 10 minutes. A more confusing scenario is that suppose a user has a payment channel in one shard and he wants to transfer these assets to a side chain in another shard. This will be complicated to implement. Different from what the market situation states, in terms of speed of improvement, the project starts from the consensus layer and proposes a relatively novel consensus mechanism - Proof of History (POH). But no matter which level you start from, there are already too many competitors in this field, such as building side chains. The most eye-catching Bitcoin side chain projects are drivechains and Liquid. Side chain projects based on Ethereum include the SKALE project using the Plasma framework and the Cosmos project using the Ethermint chain as the main Dapp chain. ； Another example is payment channels and status channels. Well-known projects include Lightning Labs and Blockstream that support Bitcoin, as well as Raiden and Celer projects in the Ethereum ecosystem. This project innovatively proposes a consensus mechanism proven by history, which can greatly improve the speed. However, the blind pursuit of speed will inevitably have an impact on security performance. Therefore, the security of the public chain after it goes online is a greater risk. Secondly, this proof mechanism is inspired by the synchronized atomic clocks used by Google's Spanner in its data centers. Among existing blockchain technologies, there are very few projects that apply this technology, and there is not much experience to draw from. Moreover, the team is slightly lacking in blockchain technology development, and there are certain development risks. Not announced. Figure 1 As shown in Figure 1, Solana’s information flow method, client messages arrive at the leader, the leader inserts them into the proof of history (PoH) stream and broadcasts them to the rest of the network, which acts like a validator. The challenge with this design is that the leader is capable of ingesting 1 gigabit of data and needs to somehow produce 1 gigabit of output to multiple machines simultaneously. It can't broadcast all the data to all machines because that would be more than 1 gigabit. Solana allocates bandwidth among downstream validators and lets them reassemble the flow of information back together. Figure 2 Figure 2 shows how the leader splits the bandwidth between downstream nodes. The leader sends packets of up to 64kb in a round-robin fashion to each validator in the first layer. This validator immediately broadcasts it to everyone else in the first layer of the network. The two types of data packets shown in the figure are transmitted by the leader. The ordinary data packets represent some real-time PoH data, and some transactions are hashed into the PoH data. RS packets are Reed-Solomon codes that can be used to reconstruct the data set if any packets are dropped. RS Code packets take up some of the available bandwidth, so they reduce our throughput, but if some random packets are dropped, they can support each validator to repair the transmitted data structure. Just like TCP windows, each validator may see packets arriving out of order and need to rebuild the window. If the validator loses a packet in the window and cannot fix it using the Reed-Solomon code, it can also randomly request any lost packets from the network. The number of extra packets and extra nodes in the first layer of RS Code will give the network room for dropped packets and hardware failures. History proves If timestamps are not trusted, it is possible to prove that the message occurred at some time before and after the event. When a New York Times cover photo is taken, a piece of evidence is created that proves the photo was taken after the newspaper published it, or that it could have influenced the publication of the New York Times in some way. Historical proof allows you to create a historical record that proves an event occurred at a specific moment. Historically proven to be a high frequency verifiable delay function. A verifiable delay function requires a specific number of consecutive steps to evaluate and then produce a unique output that is valid and publicly verifiable. By using ordered pre-image-resistant hashing that runs consecutively, with the previous output used as the next input. For the SHA256 hash function, this process is impossible to parallelize without a brute force attack using 2125 cores. We can then determine that each counter has passed real time when generated, and that each counter is recorded in the same order as real time. lower limit time Input historical proofs can reference the historical proof itself, the reference can be signed as part of the user's signature and inserted into the message, which cannot be modified without the user's private key. It's like having a New York Times photo shoot backstage. Because this message contains the 0xdeadc0de hash, we know it was generated after the creation count of 510144806912. But since that message is also inserted back into the historical proof stream, it's as if you took a photo of the New York Times in the background and the New York Times published the photo the next day. We know that the content of the photo existed before and after a specific date. As you can see from github, the number of code submissions is very high, and updates are frequent. The latest update was 7 hours ago. Moreover, the code base has received more likes and attention, and there are many contributors, with 16 contributors. History has proven that blockchain technology is relatively new and there is not much experience to draw from. Most of the team's technical staff come from Qualcomm, an American radio communications technology research and development company known for its leadership in CDMA technology, but it is lacking in blockchain technology. According to the official roadmap, the project started in November 2017 and is currently in its fourth phase. The disclosure on the Telegram group is as follows:
The current implementation status is good and the project is progressing normally according to the road map. According to the latest official information released in June, the specific project progress is as follows: Multinode testnet released Supporting multiple nodes and generalized smart contracts, the team worked hard to get this version at the end of June, and a public beta version will be released next month. community aspect A month ago there were 12,000 newsletter subscribers and 8,000 Telegram members, now there are 30,000 newsletter members and 25,000 Telegram members. Team aspect Hire Rob Walker, former senior engineering director at Qualcomm. Anatoly Creator of Solana. He led operating system development at Qualcomm, distributed systems at Mesosphere, and compression at Dropbox. He holds 2 high-performance operating system protocol patents, is a core kernel developer at BREW, which powers every CDMA flip phone (100m+ devices), and leads the development of technology that enables Project Tango (VR/AR) on Qualcomm phones. Greg Fitzgerald Chief Architect of Solana. Greg was previously the chief architect at Qualcomm, where he explored the entire landscape of embedded systems. He created a bidirectional RPC bridge between C and Lua for the BREW operating system, helped launch the ARM backend of the LLVM compiler toolchain, and published various open source projects, including a streaming LLVM optimizer in Haskell and a license analysis tool in Python. Raj Gokal Solana's operations, products and finances. He has worked in product management and finance for 10 years. He was a venture capitalist at General Catalyst and founded consumer medical device company Sano, which attracted more than $20 million in investment. Eric Williams Eric is responsible for data science and token economics. He studied particle physics at Berkeley and received his PhD from Columbia University. He completed a postdoc in medical physics at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and later led data science at Omada Health. StephenAkridge He has 10 years of critical GPU optimization expertise at Qualcomm and Intel. The GPU backend he led defeated Nvidia. AlanYu Partners and community operators. He has 10 years of experience working in sales and marketing at Google, winning multiple awards during his tenure. He has been active in the crypto community for many years. Michael Wiens Chief Engineer. Michael worked at Qualcomm for 14 years, rising rapidly from engineer to senior director. He is the founder and VP of Engineering at AI startup Silk Labs. He uses a foot pedal while coding. Michael holds 3 patents. Rob Walker Chief Engineer. Rob started developing software at Netscape in the 1990s and spent 17 years on the Qualcomm leadership team, leading BREW, Component Services, DASH and Snapdragon. Pankaj Garg Senior engineer. Pankaj spent 10 years at Qualcomm and previously led the design and development of LTE modem chipsets for Motorola mobile devices. Partnering with GlobalID and HARD+Yaka (led by former Ripple CRO Greg Kidd) to provide portable, private and secure identities for individuals and groups to interact and pay at scale. Partnerships will also be announced in decentralized exchanges, advertising, marketplaces, and others. Kosmos Capital is Australia's largest multi-strategy venture capital firm focused on blockchain-based assets. He has invested in Ankr Network, Cardstack, chiliZ, Thunder Token and Ocean Protocol, etc. NEO Global Capital (NGC) has invested in many projects such as Zilliqa, Bluzelle, Cocos and Iotex. The joining of these well-known investment institutions is the greatest affirmation for the project side. ONE.TOP Rating collects display data on some social platforms. The results are as follows:
Twitter has 5,652 followers, 67 tweets, and a high repost rate. Telegram has 33,628 followers, and the community development is relatively average. It needs to further increase social popularity and member adhesion on Facebook.
Wait for the weather to clear 8 points The team has certain experience and the technology is novel, which is very promising! July 13 4 points The project has made great breakthroughs in throughput, and the entire technical focus has completely shifted to speed. However, it is easily interfered by hardware, which limits the development of the project itself. Mint 7 points The current operation of the test network can reach 250,000 TPS and can reach a maximum of 400,000 TPS. The technology is very competitive. Constant mind 3 points Solana shows in the route that tokens will not appear until 2019, and the progress is relatively slow, which is very fatal to the rapidly developing blockchain industry. a long time 5 points The number of fans in the community is average. Most of the promotion activities involve attending conferences and there are few road shows. lemon 8 points The project's solution solves the most important pain points of the blockchain and highlights its own strengths. Xinzi 7 points The fastest blockchain in the world. The title is very attractive and the team is also very strong. Wu YY 8 points Solana proposed a blockchain architecture based on its consensus algorithm "Proof of History (PoH)", and the technology is relatively new. BOSS 7 points It seems that the team members have very rich working experience, several of them have more than 10 years of experience. Such a team looks reliable. cedar 2 points Blockchain technology is not yet mature, and I have no confidence in the so-called advanced technology. Solana adopts a relatively novel historical proof mechanism to greatly improve the processing speed of the blockchain. This consensus mechanism has certain similarities with the logic of DAG. It infers the time points of other data through the time points of certain events. However, whether it can make all transaction sequences not confusing remains to be verified, and security is also an aspect that needs to be considered. From the design of the project, there are super nodes called leaders, but the specific number and election method are unknown, so the degree of decentralization remains to be explored. In summary, Solana has a total score of 6.11 points, a rating of A-, and strong overall capabilities. Attached below is a brief review of Solana, welcome to forwa |
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